GCSE Biology
Cells and organisation
revision.
Cell structure, microscopy, transport, enzymes and the jump from cells to systems.
Cells and organisation guides
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Students type: food tests required practical GCSE Biology
Open guide Revision guideCancer and tumoursStudents type: benign vs malignant tumour GCSE Biology
Open guide Revision guideStem cellsStudents type: embryonic vs adult stem cells GCSE
Open guide Revision guideMeiosisStudents type: meiosis GCSE Biology four haploid cells
Open guide Revision guideMitosisStudents type: mitosis GCSE Biology cell cycle
Open guide Revision guideAmylase required practicalStudents type: amylase starch iodine required practical GCSE
Open guide Revision guideEnzyme temperature and pHStudents type: enzyme denaturation temperature pH GCSE
Open guide Revision guideEnzyme active siteStudents type: lock and key model enzymes GCSE Biology
Open guide Revision guideOsmosis required practicalStudents type: osmosis required practical potato chips GCSE
Open guide Revision guideActive transportStudents type: active transport GCSE Biology definition
Open guide Revision guideOsmosisStudents type: osmosis definition GCSE Biology partially permeable
Open guide Revision guideDiffusionStudents type: diffusion definition GCSE Biology
Open guideCell biology
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, organelles, specialised cells, microscopy and magnification — the flagship opening of GCSE Biology.
Osmosis and transport
Diffusion, osmosis and active transport: concentration gradients, partially permeable membranes and the potato practical.
Enzymes
Biological catalysts, the lock and key model, optimum conditions, denaturation and the amylase required practical.
Cell division and stem cells
The cell cycle, mitosis, meristems, embryonic and adult stem cells, and the ethics of therapeutic cloning.
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells for GCSE Biology: nucleus versus a DNA loop, plasmids, organelles, and the diagram tests that decide Combined and Triple marks.
Animal and plant cells
Label animal and plant cells for GCSE Biology: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cellulose wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, and the structure–function links examiners actually mark.
Specialised cells
Link structure to function in GCSE Biology specialised cells: sperm, egg, nerve, muscle, root hair, palisade, xylem and phloem, with the adaptation sentences that score.
Microscopy and magnification
Calculate magnification for GCSE Biology, convert mm to µm to nm, and compare light and electron microscopes on resolution, living specimens and which organelles you can actually see.
Bacterial cells
Label a bacterial cell for GCSE Biology: chromosomal DNA loop, plasmids, flagella, cell wall, cytoplasm and membrane, and why bacteria lack a nucleus and mitochondria.
Diffusion
Define diffusion for GCSE Biology: net movement down a concentration gradient, no energy from respiration, and the factors that speed gas exchange in alveoli, leaves and villi.
Osmosis
Define osmosis for GCSE Biology: water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane, turgor, plasmolysis and the potato-chip graph.
Active transport
Explain active transport for GCSE Biology: movement against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration, root-hair mineral ions, and why mitochondria pack into those cells.
Osmosis required practical
Plan the GCSE Biology potato-chip osmosis practical: independent, dependent and control variables, percentage change in mass, blotting, and how the graph crosses zero at the isotonic point.
Enzyme active site
Explain the lock-and-key model for GCSE Biology: enzymes as protein catalysts, complementary active sites, specificity, and why a changed shape means the reaction stops.
Enzyme temperature and pH
Read enzyme graphs for GCSE Biology: rate rises with temperature to an optimum, then falls as the active site denatures, and pH peaks in a bell curve around pepsin, amylase or trypsin.
Amylase required practical
Run the GCSE Biology amylase–starch practical: iodine end-point, water baths, buffers, 1/time as rate, and how to investigate temperature or pH without mixing up the variables.
Mitosis
Describe mitosis for GCSE Biology: DNA replication, two genetically identical diploid body cells, and why growth, repair and asexual reproduction use mitosis — not meiosis.
Meiosis
Explain meiosis for GCSE Biology: two divisions, four genetically different haploid gametes, 46 to 23 chromosomes, and why fertilisation then restores the diploid number.
Stem cells
Compare embryonic, adult and meristem stem cells for GCSE Biology: unspecialised cells that can differentiate, bone-marrow treatments, therapeutic cloning, and the ethics examiners expect.
Cancer and tumours
Explain cancer for GCSE Biology: uncontrolled mitosis, benign versus malignant tumours, secondary tumours (metastasis), and lifestyle and genetic risk factors in Combined and Triple language.
Food tests required practical
Plan the GCSE Biology food-tests required practical: Benedict’s for reducing sugars, iodine for starch, biuret for protein, Sudan III for lipids, safety, controls and how to read a positive result.
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More GCSE Biology
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Teacher-written GCSE Biology revision for Combined and Triple Science: cell structure, osmosis, enzymes, photosynthesis, respiration, infection, homeostasis, inheritance and ecology.
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